Communication theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Correspondence hypothesis - Essay Example At the point when weak people feel a solid need of picking up endorsement from the general public, they utilize the assembly method of correspondence. The hypothesis of account worldview comprehends individuals as narrating creatures. This hypothesis presents a story rationale instead of the regular rationale of contention. This rationale recommends that individuals assess the speakers’ believability by surveying the lucidness and loyalty of their accounts. I will take the data contained in the correspondence settlement hypothesis and the hypothesis of story worldview more than others. There are explicit purposes behind that, I locate the previous fascinating, while the last interests to me intelligently. I accept that there is a great deal of distinction between the correspondence styles of individuals in power and the individuals who need power. Then again, the hypothesis of story worldview permits the judgment of speakers to be popularity based since nobody can be prepared for making great

Why Businesses Exist :: Business and Management Studies

Why Businesses Exist A business begins when someone conclude that they can gain a benefit by making a decent or offering an assistance and offering it to individuals who are happy to pay for it. All Businesses have a similar Main Objective A goal is whatever the business needs to accomplish. The most significant target is to cause a benefit so as to endure. In the event that a business doesn't make a benefit it will fail and need to closedown. The Public Sector Claimed by the Government: Army, Police, Schools and Hospitals. These are benefits for everybody. The Private Sector Claimed by Private Individuals. Of Benefit to the individuals who own them. Key Terms Business enterprise: implies being set up to face challenges and having the energy and aptitudes expected to set up and maintain a business or other association. Sole Owner: is a person who maintains a business and is actually answerable for any misfortunes brought about. A Limited Company: is an association, which gives its proprietors or investors assurance with the goal that they can lose just the cash that they have just placed in. Development: is the presentation of the new thoughts. It might influence items or the manner by which they are made. Creating Relationships: is Architecture with clients, workers and organizations. Organizations, which take a gander at the manner in which it works with clients, representatives, and different organizations are bound to be effective. Notoriety: A notoriety of an organization can be accomplished through building up a specific picture:  · Low Prices  · Appealing to the well-to-do  · Ensuring top quality Upper hand: Is a particular component that makes a business effective. A business should cautiously recognize the individuals who will purchase the item to increase an upper hand over others. A Market: Is any area or procedure that brings purchasers and venders together. Cost: is the measure of cash that is given in return for an item. Products: are anything you purchase which are normal or made for a items. Administrations: include purchasing the aptitudes o someone else. Benefit: is the distinction between the cost and the expense of making a item accessible. Prize Income †Cost = Profit Benefit is the distinction between a firm’s incomes from its exchanging exercises and its all out expenses. It is a prize for the hazard and a return on capital contributed. There are 3 variables of creation:  · Land  · Capital  · Labor Business people utilize these 3 components to make a benefit. Sole Traders Organization Lawful - No lawful customs. A lawful structure with a different character from the individuals who run it.

How PTSD and Emotions Like Worry Are Connected

How PTSD and Emotions Like Worry Are Connected PTSD Related Conditions Print How PTSD and Emotions Like Worry Are Connected Why worrying may be an attempt to manage anxiety By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Thomas Barwick/Stone/Getty Images Worry is an emotion that involves thinking about possible future problems, concerns or outcomes. It often takes the form of what if... thinking and generally accompanies anxiety. Everyone experiences worry from time to time. However, some people may experience very severe worry to the point that the worry occurs constantly throughout the day and feels uncontrollable. There is some evidence that people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be more likely than others to struggle with worry.? Why Worry? Although worry often goes along with anxiety, some people may worry in an attempt to manage their anxiety. Some of the worry that people experience may actually be driven by the desire to avoid unpleasant emotions. Worrying looks very much like problem-solving and when people experience anxiety, they may be bombarded by feelings of uncertainty, unpredictability, and uncontrollability. Some people may worry in an attempt to establish some sense of certainty and predictability, reducing their anxiety. However, in many cases, definite solutions to a problem may not be easily identified. In these cases, worry may only increase the extent with which people think about the problem, further increasing their anxiety. A number of studies have found that worry is associated with the avoidance of emotions. In fact, people who worry say that they often worry in order to distract themselves from more emotionally distressing topics. In addition, worry has been found to bring down anxious arousal (at least temporarily). PTSD and Worry Several studies have found that people with PTSD may be more likely to worry than those without PTSD. Why do we often see excessive worry among people with PTSD? Well, PTSD is associated with high levels of anxious arousal, as well as other strong emotions. In addition, people with PTSD may have difficulties identifying healthy ways of managing these intense emotional experiences. Therefore, given that worry may temporarily bring down arousal and can distract people from more emotionally distressing topics, people with PTSD may worry in order to obtain some relief from their distress. In fact, one study found that desires to avoid emotions explained the association between PTSD and worry. Unfortunately, as with other emotionally avoidant coping strategies, this relief will be short-lived. Because the anxiety is not really being addressed or processed, it will only come back and sometimes stronger than before. Managing Your Worrying As mentioned earlier, everyone worries. Therefore, it probably isnt possible to completely remove worry from your life. However, there are strategies that you can use to reduce worry, especially at times when you are experiencing unpleasant emotions, such as anxiety. For example, learning healthy emotion regulation and anxiety management strategies can reduce your reliance on unhealthy coping strategies, such as worry. In addition, given that worry is focused on the future, coping strategies aimed at increasing your focus on the present moment can be particularly useful. Mindfulness meditation is one such strategy. Specifically, mindfulness can increase the extent with which you attend to the present moment in a non-judgmental and non-evaluative way. In doing so, you can better disengage from worrisome thoughts and limit their interference in your life.

Definition And Scope Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3111 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Thomas Cook Group plc is one of the leading leisure travel groups in the world which offers wide variety of package to satisfy different needs generate from different market segment. Packages offered ranges from charter packages (two or more components of travel such as flights, hotels, transfers and representative services are bundled together), to independent travel management, and travel-related financial services (pre-paid foreign exchange, travel assurance and travel finances). The group manages its operations in 22 countries through six geographic operating divisions. According to the exhibit A, TCG shows a  £9.8b of revenue in FY11 where  £304m underlying the profit from operations. The main competitor for TCG is TUI Travel, which is another worlds leading leisure travel companies, with over 250 trusted brands. It competes head to head with TCG by providing similar services 2.0 Thomas Cook Financial and Non Financial Analysis 2.1 Financial Analysis 2.1.1 Analysis on Sales and Cost Graph 1 Table 1 above shows that there is a sales growth throughout the year but at the same time cost incurred has been increasing. Value for both cost and revenue from FY 2007 to FY2010 is relatively close (Graph 1). Financial situation was at the worst scenario where the total cost was even higher than the sales revenue generated. No gap between graph line for both sales revenue and cost indicating that TCG has a very minimum net profit margin. TCG failed to manage their cost effectively. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Definition And Scope Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order 2.1.2 Gross Profit Margin Gross Profit Margin (GPM) is a financial metric used to assess  a firms financial health by revealing the  proportion of money left over from revenues after accounting for the cost of goods sold (Steve, 1995). GPM for TCG was averagely at 23% and 24% and eventually fall to 22%. As sales revenue value is increasing and therefore, it could be the increment of cost of goods sold that leads to the downfall of gross profit margin at FY 2011. 2.1.3 Operating Profit Margin Table 5 Operating Profit Margin (OPM) indicates the effectiveness of a company in cost and expenses control associated with their normal business operations (Steve, 1995). In table 4, OPM has been dropping from FY 2007 to 2009 indicating failure for TCG in handling their overhead cost. TCG has made an adjustment on the proportion on overhead cost from 21.7% to 19.2% in FY 2011 which helps the company to slightly pick up in their operating profit margin. 2.1.4 Finance Cost Analysis Table 6 Table 6 shows that the interest cost has been increasing over the year and reaches its peak at 2009 and 2010 whereby the financial cost was  £0.018 every  £1 of sales. Financial cost has then reduced slightly in year 2011. 2.1.5 Tax on Sales Table 7 In table 7, income tax burden for TCG was relatively low from the FY 2007 to FY 2010. However, it has suddenly increased dramatically in year 2011. This could be one of the reasons that cause loss for the company. 2.1.6 Net Profit Margin Table 8 Net Profit Margin (NPM) is an indication on effectiveness in cost controlling and conversion of revenue into profit (Steve, 1995). TCG manages to earn a NPM of 2.38% initially at the FY 2007 but suffered from losses of 5.31% at FY2011. 2.1.7 Total Assets Turnover Table 9 Graph 2 Total assets turnover has an upward trend since 2007 to 2011 from 1.10 to 1.47. Hence it can be noticed that the sales level of TCG have improved with the utilization of the Assets. 2.1.8 Return on Assets Table 10 Return on assets indicates the profitability of a company in relative to its total assets (Steve, 1995). Table 10 shows that ROA for TCG has been decreasing and even dropped to the negative value. This indicates that the company is investing a high amount of capital into its production but receiving little income. 2.1.9 Financial Leverage *Note: Assuming that the total equity at the end of financial year 2006 is  £3,942m Table 11 In Table 11, financial leverage has been increasing throughout the financial years and this indicates that TCG falls at the risky side as they might face bankruptcy issue if they fail to repay their debt in the near future. 2.1.10 Return on Equity Table 12 In Table 12, return on equity has been declining throughout the financial year and even dropped to negative 29.6% at the FY 2011. According to DuPont Model analysis, we could further examine which part of the financial management resulted this (Atrill McLaney, 2011). First of all, looking into the net profit margin, the high total cost has leads to a downfall of NPM and negative at the FY 2011. Secondly, looking into the Total Assets Turnover, it shows an increment where TCG has improved in managing their Assets for generating sales. Lastly, looking into the financial leverage where there is an increment from 1.5 to 3.8 at the financial year. This indicates that the company has borrowed more money for the business and debt increased. Base on the analysis carried out, the decline of ROE of TCG is caused by two main reasons which are the increment of total cost and the large amount of debt borrowed. 2.2 Non Financial Analysis TCG has been in the market for ages and has built global umbrella brand for all the well known regional brands across geographies (refer to Exhibit D). This serves as a great strength that allows them to leverage better. Besides, TCG has a strong portfolio in other service category such as airlines, financial services and hotel which allow the group to cross sell their product and generate better revenue which eventually helps to increase the overall companys financial performance. Even though TCG is serving in 22 different countries, the revenue breakdown in appendix 3 shows that 55% of its revenue come from European market. This is identified as a very risky step as being over relying on this segment, the group is sensitive to the demand of this region. In addition, sovereign debt crisis in Euro zone has greatly affect the demand of TCG product as consumers become more reluctant in spending on travelling. This critical condition is predicted to be prolonged for quite some t ime and therefore, it is foreseeable that the turnover and profitability would fall under a negative development in the near future if TCG is still being overly dependent on the European market. As for the distribution channel, it is shown that TCG has established 799 of retail premises with  £2.5m of employees (appendix 8). Even though it is shown that the actual sales per employee are  £315,429 (appendix 4), the cost per employee inclusive with the rental as well as overhead cost should not be overlooked. The incremental of net profit is foreseeable with the switch of distribution channel to online distribution, which only contributes to 24.5% of the total sales in FY2011 (appendix 9) and highlighted the opportunity to growth, that allows redundant cost reduction. In addition to the reduction in cost, the switch of distribution channel is also essential as it helps TCG in preparing a better platform in serving the UK holiday market which is expected to generate  £22.7b n of sales in the near future, in FY 2015 (appendix E). As mentioned in the chairman statement, higher input cost such as fuel cost serves as a major threat in contributing another challenging year in the near future. Fuel price has been increasing rapidly after its decline in year 2007-2009 due to the recession. It is predicted that fuel cost would still continue to increase due to the high demand from china. Lowered sales revenue due to the lower demand could hardly covered the increment of fuel cost and eventually serve as a major threat to TCG. Company would face liquidity problem and sustained a negative working capital gap. . 4.0 Budgetary Control System According to the chairman, managers have been quite dissatisfied with their current traditional budgeting system which is based on previous year data, decisions, uncertain estimates and forecast (Drury, 2009). Despite the fact that traditional budgeting system provides a direction which can be used as a framework for planning and controlling the overall activity of the business, it is criticized on its failure in identifying the waste, incoming workloads and cost drivers. Critics also found out that it is very time consuming for the benefits to be achieve. In short, traditional budgeting practice does not seem to connect connected to the overall organizational strategy. Limitations of traditional budgeting give rise to many beyond budgeting techniques for instance, zero based budgeting. Zero Based Budgeting is one of the recommended options for TCG as it always assumes that the expenditures is always based on zero, is in contrast to the traditional budgeting system which assumes that the current years expenditure level is justifiable which may not be true. Zero based budgeting provides an efficient allocation of resources. It identifies and eliminates wastage and obsolete operations, detects inflated subjects and drives managers to find out cost effective ways to improve operations. But despite of all the benefits of it, there are also criticisms and drawback against it such as it may lead to micro management, it involves a huge amount of money and it may lead to a material shift in the use of resources. Another option which could be considered by the management is to implement flexible budgeting, a technique for budgeting based on the future variability of business volumes, which allows them to adjust accordingly toward the changing environment and economic factors. Despite the fact on its difficulties in associating with marginal analysis, it is one of the best control devices available to management as it is required to measure radical changes from n ormal operating levels. In addition to that, it provides management with real-time and offers much greater cost control over a business operation and makes it more competitive. This also targets more accurately where performance levels are falling below or meeting expectations. 5.0 Recommendation To decide whether to invest in to TCG, investor needs to look into the internal and external environment. Internally, financial information provided shown an incremental revenue throughout the financial year from 2007 to 2011 but majority of the key performance indicators such as ROE, NPM, ROA and other KPI are showing a downward trend. Financial leverage for TCG has been increasing throughout the financial years and this indicates that TCG falls at the risky side as they might face bankruptcy issue if they fail to repay their debt in the near future. Externally, global economic crisis is expected to prolong for 5 more years which would have a definite impact on travel industry where people have a general tendency to spend less and weakening pound further adds fuel to this. In short, analyzing the financial health of TCG indicating a clear lack in the way operations are managed currently and highlights room for improvement., as well as the macro environment of the industry which se rves as a non controllable factor, it is not encouraging for One-World Investment Consortium to invest in it. Profit maximization could be achieved via sales increment and cost reduction. In appendix B, it is seen that there is a great opportunity for independent growth in several areas such as city break, tailor made travel, flight only and hotel room in cities that TCG can explore by leveraging through their greatest strength, TCG brand. Appendix C further suggests the opportunities of growth by the introducing differentiated concepts allied with new product pipeline. Effective marketing strategy play an important role in introducing the right product to the right target market through the right distribution channel. For instance, identify the potential market by analyzing the TCG customer database and send them a customized email to introduce the promotion available. Vouchers and discount, which is only effective within certain period, could be included in the email as it help s in triggering customer interest. This benefited both customers and TCG as customer is satisfied with the great savings they had and TCG has obtained earlier sales. Cost reduction is another critical step that should be considered the result of the financial analysis shows that the high total cost is the key factor that results in the downward trend of NPM. Therefore, it is recommended for TCG to close down the non-profitable offline distribution retail and direct the market to online mode. This helps in reducing overhead cost such as rental, salary and other operating cost. Furthermore, due to the intense competition, HRM plays an essential role in ensuring retained employees to be trained with multi skilling capability and competence enough to be a source of the competitive advantage for TCG. Relationship with employees could not be overlooked as satisfied employees would helps in driving improved customer satisfaction by creating and fostering trust and relationship with cust omers. Therefore, it is recommended that TCG must ensure that employees need is met. Other than that, it is recommended for TCG to engage in a genuine B2B relationship with their suppliers as the cost is expected to be reduced when the organization has a deepening relationship with suppliers where margin premium is expected to improve. Zero based budgeting is recommended as it requires a programmes existence to be justified in each financial year, as opposed to simply basing budgeting decisions on a previous years allocation. It provides a systematic method of planning company financial resources. It may require an extensive amount of time and paper work. A combination of zero based budgets with traditional budgeting spreads the workload involved in justifying new budgets and is one possible method by which zero-based budgeting can be incorporated into current budgeting techniques. 6.0 Long Term Investment Decision Before making any investment decision, capital budgeting, should be taken into consideration by evaluating using different techniques. An organization which makes a capital investment incurs cash outlays in the expectation of future return or cash inflows (benefits). 6.1 Payback Period The payback period is commonly used as an investment appraisal technique in measuring on the period needed in recovering the initial investment. Despite the fact that it is very simple to apply and understand, it does not take the time value of money into account neither it take account of the earnings after the initial investment is recouped. Therefore it is not recommended as these may prevent the ranking of projects. 6.2 Accounting Rate of Return Another commonly used appraisal technique used is ARR which compares the profit that can be earned by the concerned project to the amount of initial investment capital that would be required for the project and projects that can earn a higher rate of return is accepted. However, again, ARR does not take into consideration the time value of money involved. In addition, this method uses net income rather than cash flows while net income is a useful measure of profitability where the net cash flow is a better measure of an investments performance. Furthermore, the inclusion of only the book value of the invested asset ignores the fact that a project can require commitments of working capital and other outlays that are not included in the book value of the project. 6.3 Discounted Payback Period The introduction of discounted payback period is to backup the drawback of the PB by adding the net positive discounted cash flows arising from the project. This could be useful as a performance indicator to contextualise the projects anticipated performance but is not recommended to use as the sole appraisal method. 6.4 Net Present Value In the NPV method, the revenues and costs of a project are estimated and then are discounted and compared with the initial investment. Projects with positive NPV should be accepted and rejected if the NPV value is as it indicates that the present value of the stream of benefits is insufficient to recover the cost of the project. Compared to other investment appraisal techniques such as the IRR and the discounted payback period, the NPV is recognized as the most reliable technique in supporting investment appraisal decisions. However, its sensitivity in discount rate is identified as the main drawbacks. Since discount rate is always the denominator of NPV and its always critical to know the final result of the output. NPV can be positive or it can be negative depending on the discount rate which has been taken in calculations. 6.5 Internal Rate of Return IRR corresponds to the rate for which the present value of the investments money in-flows are equal to the present value of the money out-flows. It helps evaluate individual projects as investment opportunities and helps investors in determining whether the projects would help in increasing the organization value and determining the percentage of return in comparison to the initial investment. In addition, it takes into account the time value of money  and adjusts for the risk that the project will not meet the income projections. However, many firms are guilty of rejecting worthwhile investments due to the understating of NPVs and IRRs because of the incorrect treatment of inflation and the use of excessively high discount rates. 7.0 Risks on Long Term Investment Failure in identifying risk in long term investment could lead to unforeseeable consequences. Therefore, there are two main traditional investment appraisal frameworks which could be considered by managers prior in making any investment decision. One of the simplest and most effective ways to analyse risk is through simple sensitivity analysis where investor could just change certain variable involved in a potential investment to see how that change would affect the overall investment. For instance, when considering buying a company, managers may look at the production cost of an item the company makes, and the cost of the components needed to make that product and further verify several eventualities, by adjusting these prices, either lower or higher. This will help them make an educated decision about their purchase in light of better understand the change of the company value if certain variables change. Another way to evaluate the risk is by conducting scenario analysis w here multiple analyses could be performed at the same time. Investors conducting this type of analysis will look at the variables that affect a companys bottom line and use them to plan accordingly. For example, managers considering purchasing a company will want to understand the cash flow of the business. This is more than just considering revenue and expenses. Expenses can manifest themselves in a number of ways including wages, pensions, benefits, costs associated with production, and so forth. By changing a combination of these factors, investors can get a feel for a number of different scenarios. Kaplan (1986) has further criticised aspects of traditional appraisal techniques are in truth a function of the user and not the technique itself by highlighting the mistake of the NPV user who use of static discount rates. In addition, the inconsistent treatment of inflation, the overemphasis on the short-term, faulty assumptions about the status quo alternative, and the adoption of a narrow organisational perspective are again all mistakes of the user. Even the difficulty of including nonfinancial benefits is seen as a lack of financial analyst imagination rather than an inherent shortcoming of traditional evaluation approaches.

Importance Of Fandom Subculture - 1023 Words

American society is filled with a variety of entertainment sources: sports, music, literature, films, etc. With each of these entertainment sources comes, in some capacity, a fan base. Almost every person in America or even the world, if asked, would be able to list at least one thing they are a fan of. How did this idea of a â€Å"fandom† subculture become so apparent in American society? In today’s society, people are easily able to be informed on their favorite celebrities and sports teams. The media feeds the passion people have for the entertainment industry and has created this idea that the public should be informed on every detail of celebrities’ lives. The creation of award shows such as the Oscars and the American Music Awards further†¦show more content†¦One specific sport, American football, could be considered by some as the most watched sport in the U.S. With a variety of levels from high school level, college level, and professional level, Americans are surrounded by this sport. From a young age, children are dressed up in team gear, brought to football games, taught the fight song, and immersed into the sports fandom. In a study conducted on college football fans, participants were asked, â€Å"what words described the game day experience?† The participants described the experience as â€Å"exciting,† â€Å"entertaining,† â€Å"awe-inspiring,† and â€Å"friendship† (Bain-Selbo). With descriptions such as â€Å"awe-inspiring,† it is clear that fans consider these sporting events to be an emotional experience and something they thoroughly enjoy. One aspect of the game day experience that is so highly participated in is tailgating. On game days at schools such as Clemson University, the whole campus is full of people with large tents, trays of finger foods, and even some people with televisions connected to trailers, watching ESPN. A study conducted to examine the underlying mo tives within tailgating found there are four motivations, those being, â€Å"involvement (preparation and participation), social interaction (camaraderie and competition), inter-temporal sentiment (retrospection and prospection), and identity (collectivism and individualism).† It is important to noteShow MoreRelatedEssay on Belonging and Difference in Imagined Communities5843 Words   |  24 Pagesare not unique to subjects that are diasporic in an ethnic or racial sense. Fan culture, where a sense of community is generated around the reception and remediation of cultural texts, has developed its own extremely complex systems of belonging. 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What Are the Benefits Outsourcing Web Development Services Free Essays

Today market being fully dependent of E-commerce technologies, every organization needs to be regularly updated with latest technologies factors that emphasis on quality picture of their organization. Today E-commerce has become a basic medium to expand your business globally. But to ensure quality of your Web application you need to Outsource Web development service. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Benefits Outsourcing Web Development Services or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is no doubt that anyone can carry out the development on their own. But, if some factors like cost, time, RD, quality, experience, search engine friendly code, etc are considered, Outsourcing is the highly recommended. Outsourcing companies ensures business quality service by using latest technology available and also you will get your Web application developed on time with no or less bugs left, at reasonable cost. Following points will give you detailed understanding of â€Å"How Outsourcing of Web Development service will be beneficial considering all of this factors?† * Standard development Process: Many Companies follows strict process model. Clients are assured of the standard processing and get their development work completed on-time and delivery without any complication. * Lessen your Development Cost: To develop any quality product, we need skilled experienced staff, also lots of cost need to be spent on RD and setup of space for development. While if you outsource development service you need to pay very reasonable amount which in turn guarantees you best service with search engine friendly light weight web application developed using latest technologies tested in all terms. * Reliable and Accurate: All these companies have experience knowledge of development, so the delivered product will be reliable accurate in terms of outputs which the client demanded. * Future enhancement: As every company wants to maximize their business, these companies provide regular maintenance and notifications to update your product if required. There are many invisible benefits of Outsourcing on client side also. Clients can: * Further concentrate on their routine without bothering about their Web development process. So time is saved. * Save money by choosing Outsourcing which is nearly equal to half the cost required in own development process. so you can use them for future enhancement maintenance. * Get chance to know new process models their skilled knowledge. * Expect best recommendations latest technologies that best suits your business requirements success on the basis of their experienced skills and requirement analysis. How to cite What Are the Benefits Outsourcing Web Development Services, Essay examples

Standard Paragraphs for VDOT Technicians Field Rep Essays

Standard Paragraphs for VDOT Technicians Field Reports The GeoConcepts representative arrived on site, as requested, to observe and/or perform the followings:- Concrete: Self-Consolidated Concrete (SCC): Observe the placement of 24.0 cubic yards of 5000 psi Caisson Self- Consolidated Concrete (SCC) for drilled shaft #7. Concrete sample was taken from each truck and tested for temperature, slump and air content. All test results were informed to Dewberry representative. One set (Set #23) of nine cylinders (three for 28 day, four for early field breaks and two for permeability) was molded for compressive strength and permeability testing in our laboratory. Curb & Gutter Observed the placement of 90.0 cubic yards of 3000 psi A3 Extrusion Concrete supplied by Vulcan Materials. The concrete was poured for curb and gutter (CG-7) between structure 11-3 and structure 13-3 from station 158+30 to station 173+25 to the right side of west bound of route 50. The concrete observed on this date appeared to be placed in compliance with project specifications with regard to temperature, slump, air content, and batch to placement time. One set (Set #50) of 5 (3 for 28 days lab and 2 field) concrete cylinders (4"X8") for compressive strength of in our laboratory. Storm Water Structure Inverts: Observed the placement of 10.0 cubic yards of 4000 psi A4 Modified Concrete supplied by Titan Virginia Ready Mix LLC. The concrete was poured for the inverts of storm water structures #21-6 (sta.223+75), #22-1 (sta.226+00) on east bound of Rt.606. and structure #28-12 (sta.11+60) on Loudoun County Parkway. No sample was taken for this concrete. Box Culvert: Observed the placement of 80 cubic yards of 4000 psi A4 Modified Concrete (VDOT Design #9026-U-16) supplied by Titan Virginia Ready Mix LLC. The concrete was poured for box culvert (Structure #11-2) Wall and Slab (pour #11) on west bound of Route 659. Concrete observed on this day at this location appeared to be placed in compliance with project specifications with regard to temperature, slump, air content and batch to placement time. One set (Set #23) of seven cylinders (3 for 28 day lab, 2 for permeability and 2 for early field break) was molded for compressive strength and permeability testing in our laboratory. The rebar surface temperature was measured to be 40 F. Prior to concrete placement, the area was covered with plastic sheet, capped with plywood on top and heated with vacuum pump heater. The contractor continued to heat the area during and after concrete placement in order to keep the temperature within the limit of specifications. Bridge Deck: The GeoConcepts representative arrived on site as requested to observe the placement of 170 cubic yards of 4,000 psi A4 General Concrete for west bound Bridge Deck Span "G" on Gloucester Parkway. Concrete observed on that day appeared to be placed in accordance with project drawing and specifications with regard to temperature, slump and air content. Two sets (Set #23 day lab, three for early field break and two for permeability) were molded for compressive strength and permeability testing in our laboratory. Retaining Wall: Observed the placement of 17.0 cubic yards of 3000 psi A3 General Concrete for the 3rd footing section #10 of Retaining Wall #4 (RW-3) from station 229+45 to 230+05 on westbound of Route 659. Concrete observed for this date appeared to be placed in compliance with project specifications with regard to temperature, slump and air content. One set (Set #121) of five cylinders (three for 28 day lab and two for permeability) was molded for compressive strength and permeability testing in our laboratory. Soils & Aggregate: RCP Storm line: Observed the placement and compaction of VDOT #25 stones and soils for 40 linear feet of 15" diameter RCP stormwater line between storm structures #34-16 and #34-17 from approximate stations 199+50 to 200+25 at right side of westbound of Route 606. The contractor installed structure #28-11 on that day. Utilizing the Nuclear Method (ASTM D-6938-08a), checked the compactions of VDOT #25 stones and soils; test results indicated that the compacted material, at the areas and elevations tested, met or exceeded the project requirements of 95% of the maximum dry density of VDOT #25 stone (using suppliers laboratory proctor provided by the Dewberry Representative) and soils (using our laboratory proctor, Project source #S-2N). The soils observed on this date appeared to be placed in compliance with project specifications with regard to lift thickness and moisture content. Roadway Embankment: Observed the placement and compaction of soils for roadway embankment from station 13+50 and 16+50 on east bound of Fort Johnson Road. Utilizing